Sunday, July 31, 2022

National Mountain Climbing Day 2022: Know history, significance and benefits

National Mountain Climbing Day is annually observed on 1 August to highlight the benefits of the activity. Over the years, the adventurous activity has only become more popular.

With people increasingly opting for a healthier and fitter lifestyle, mountain climbing is being seen as a way to stay active and also enjoy oneself. Many are also opting for trekking or rock climbing to gain the experience of being around nature and improve their mental and physical well-being. The activity also helps people get over their fears.

Health benefits of mountain climbing:

- This activity entails the use of different muscle groups; hence, providing a full-body workout.

- It helps reduce fat and provides exposure to nature.

- Mountain climbing is a great way to stay in shape and improves physical as well as mental health.

- As mountain climbing involves a great deal of walking, it is the best way to improve one’s heart health.

-Walking uphill builds stamina, core strength, and resilience.

History:

The National Mountain Climbing Day was founded to honour mountaineers Bobby Matthews and Josh Madigan, who successfully climbed the 46th peak of New York State’s Adirondack Mountains. The two accomplished this feat on 1 August 2015 after climbing the final peak, also known as the Whiteface Mountain. The following year, Matthews and Madigan were formally inducted into the Adirondack 46er Club in May.

Significant Indian mountaineers:

Avatar Singh Cheema became the first Indian to climb Mount Everest in 1965. Before Cheema’s attempt,  fifteen foreigners had already climbed the world's tallest peak. The first woman from India to climb Everest was Bachendri Pal. She achieved this feat in 1984, at the age of 30.

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Respect for Parents Day 2022: From history to significance, here's all you need to know

Respect for Parents Day is celebrated every year on 1 August to highlight the significant roles played by parents in a child’s life along with their contribution in building a healthy society. Parents are integral to setting up a foundation for teaching children to be responsible.

The day focuses on appreciating parents all over the world for their selfless commitment to their children and their lifelong effort towards nurturing this relationship.

History

Marilyn Dalrymple from Lancaster, CA recognised this day on 1 August in 1994 to appreciate the efforts of parents across the world. The day aims to unite your families and strengthen family as a unit by recognising the management roles played by the parents and to rebuild the respect given to parents in the past.

Significance

This day is marked as a reminder that parents deserve respect and one should recognise the value that they have in the society. This is not only limited to children but also others who are part of the household.

Respect for Parents Day highlights the importance of sacrifices made by parents and also cherishes and appreciates them for the role they have been playing in making us a better person. On this day, one must ensure that parents get the love and appreciation they deserve.

This day also pays tribute to those parents who lost their lives during the COVID-19 pandemic. On this day, one should thank our parents for their nurturing care, sacrifices and emotional strength.

Spend some time out of your busy schedule with your parents. You may watch a film together, or go out for dinner or just enjoy the evening by spending time together.

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World Lung Cancer Day 2022: All you need to know about its history and significance

World Lung Cancer Day, marked annually on 1 August, aims to raise and create awareness about lung cancer. The main purpose of the day is to educate people about the habits and the factors that can cause lung cancer.

History

The day was first organised in 2012 by the Forum of International Respiratory Societies in association with the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) and the American College of Chest Physicians.

The campaign focuses on all those who have been diagnosed with the disease and even those who have recovered from it and works to provide support to all of them. The IASLC World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC) is the largest organisation in the world and is one of its kind to deal with lung cancer. Their main objective to celebrate the day is to inform people about the major causes of lung cancer, including smoking and exposure to asbestos, uranium, arsenic, etc.

Significance

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), lung cancer accounts for nearly one in five cancer deaths. While lung cancer and breast cancer are reportedly diagnosed at the same rate (11.6 percent), lung cancer takes more lives yearly than breast, colon and prostate cancers combined. Lung cancer mortality is estimated to reach 2.45 million by 2030, a 39 percent increase as compared to the last decade.

The survival rate in lung cancer is also believed to be the lowest and hence, the best way is to take all the measures to prevent it.

For that, one needs guidance and awareness and spreading that is the primary motive behind the observance of this important day. It encourages people to adopt a good lifestyle for the prevention of this dangerous disease. Those who have recovered from it can make others aware about the causes and thus, contribute in the fight against lung cancer.

 

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International Mahjong Day 2022: Find out about the origin and significance of the Chinese game

Every year on 1 August, International Mahjong Day is celebrated to honour one of the most popular games that travelled from China to different parts of the world.

What is Mahjong

It is a rummy-style game played by three or four members with domino-like tiles. In the game, the players attempt to form sets of three or four matching or sequenced tiles. The four players - who sit in the cardinal directions of East, West, North, and South focus on winning the game by creating four sets and one pair.

Those who play Mahjong can sharpen skills such as good communication, negotiation, cooperation and even strategy-making. With time, the game added recognition via Hollywood movies, who popularised it in films/series including The Joy Luck Club (1993), Fresh Off the Boat (2015) and Crazy Rich Asians (2018).

How is the day celebrated

Mahjong admirers and experts come together on this day to participate in their favourite versions of the game.

History and significance

The National Mahjong Day was founded by a community — Riichi Mahjong Central — to raise awareness about the game and how to play it.  In 2020, the community rebranded the National Mahjong Day to International Mahjong Day as the classic game represents an amalgamation of different cultures.

As per Annelise Heinz, a doctoral candidate in Stanford’s department of history, the game actually originated in China. It was the Chinese immigrant community in the United States that popularised the game in the West. With time, the game evolved into several versions as it travelled across the world.

Mental health benefits of playing Mahjong

The game does not just entertain the players but improves the overall mental health of a person as well. Here are a few advantages of playing Mahjong:

-Helps to slow down the effects of dementia: Mahjong helps keep the mind sharp. This game improves both memory and concentration.

-Reduces depression: The game boosts mental health and reduces depression among all age groups.

-Helps kids develop cognitive qualities: Mahjong is beneficial for young children as it requires planning, intelligence, concentration and strategising.

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Two killed as UN peacekeepers open fire at DR Congo-Uganda border post

New Delhi: Two people have been killed and several others injured after UN peacekeepers opened fire during an incident in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo on the Uganda border on Sunday, the UN said.

Video of the incident, shared on social media showed men, at least one in police uniform and another in army uniform, advancing towards the immobilised UN convoy behind a closed barrier in Kasindi. The town is in eastern DR Congo's Beni territory on the border with Uganda.

After a verbal exchange, the peacekeepers appeared to open fire before opening the gate, driving on and continuing to shoot while people scattered or hid.

"During this incident, soldiers from the intervention brigade of the MONUSCO force returning from leave opened fire at the border post for unexplained reasons and forced their way through," the UN mission in Kasindi said in a statement. "This serious incident caused loss of life and serious injuries."

Barthelemy Kambale Siva, the North Kivu governor's representative in Kasindi, earlier said that "eight people, including two policemen who were working at the barrier, were seriously injured" in the incident.

Kambale Siva, interviewed by AFP, did not give a reason for why the UN convoy was prevented from crossing the barrier.

There are more than 120 militias operating in the DRC's troubled east. The UN first deployed an observer mission to the region in 1999.

In 2010, it became the peacekeeping mission MONUSCO -- the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo -- with a mandate to conduct offensive operations.

There have been 230 fatalities among them, according to the UN.

Two Indian peacekeepers were killed last week

Last week, deadly demonstrations demanding the departure of the United Nations took place in several towns in eastern DRC.

Two Indian Border Security Force personnel, who were part of the UN peacekeeping mission were among three peacekeepers killed as an angry mob attacked a UN base in Goma city.

Head Constable Shishupal Singh and HC Sanwala Ram Vishnoi lost their lives in the violence. Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Friday urged UN chief Antonio Guterres for quick investigations to bring the perpetrators to justice.

Anti-UN unrest in DR Congo

Anger has been fuelled by perceptions that MONUSCO is failing to do enough to stop attacks by the armed groups.

UN under-secretary-general for peace operations Jean-Pierre Lacroix was in the central African country on Saturday to "talk to the Congolese authorities", Kambale Siva said.

"(They would) examine ways in which we can both avoid a recurrence of these tragic incidents and, above all, work better together to achieve our objectives," he added.

"We hope that the conditions will be met, in particular the return of state authority, so that MONUSCO can complete its mission as soon as possible. And to leave room for other forms of international support."

With inputs from AFP

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Ukraine denies carrying out drone attack on Russian Black Sea fleet HQ in Crimea

Kyiv: Ukraine on Sunday denied carrying out a drone attack on the headquarters of the Russian Black Sea fleet in Crimea, that Russian officials said wounded six personnel.

Sergiy Bratchuk, spokesman for the coastal Odessa military region, dismissed claims that Ukraine was behind the attack as "sheer provocation".

"Our liberation of Crimea from the occupiers will be carried out in another way and much more effectively," he wrote on Telegram.

The explosion at the headquarters in the city of Sevastopol on the Crimean peninsula, which Russia annexed from Ukraine in 2014, caused cancelling the observance of Russia's Navy Day holiday.

The Black Sea Fleet's press service said the drone appeared to be homemade. It described the explosive device as “low-power” but Sevastopol mayor Mikhail Razvozhaev said six people were injured in the blast.

There was no immediate information on where the drone began its flight; Sevastopol is about 170 kilometers (100 miles) south of the Ukrainian mainland and Russian forces control much of the mainland area along the Black Sea.

Fighting continued elsewhere in Ukraine. The mayor of the major port city of Mykolaiv, Vitaliy Kim, said one person died in Russian shelling that damaged a hotel and school buildings.

In the Sumy region in Ukraine's north, near the Russian border, shelling killed one person, the regional administration said.

Three people died in attacks over the past day in the Donetsk region, which is partly under the control of Russian separatist forces, said governor Pavlo Kyrylenko.

With inputs from AP and AFP

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WATCH: China conducts military drills in Taiwan Strait amid talks of Nancy Pelosi's visit to Taipei

New Delhi: China has on Saturday started conducting military exercises in the Taiwan Strait. This comes after Beijing warned Washington of severe consequences if US House Speaker Nancy Pelosi visited Taiwan during her upcoming tour of Asia.

For the unversed, while US do not have any formal diplomatic ties with Taiwan, if she travels to Taiwan, she would be the highest-ranking US elected official to visit the self-governing democratic island since 1997.

The US on its part has not clarified whether Pelosi will indeed travel to Taipei, but the issue was raised by Chinese president Xi Jinping during his virtual meeting with US president Joe Biden, earlier this week, where he ended the meet by warning Biden ‘not to play with fire’, according to several reports.

Now, the Communist Party's military wing, the People's Liberation Army, has started conducting live-fire exercises near the Pingtan islands off Fujian province, the official Xinhua News Agency has said. However, the announcement has not disseminated any information on whether the drills would involve just artillery or also missiles, fighter planes and other weapons. Reports state that the Maritime Safety Administration has warned vessels to stay away from the area.

Amid the ongoing developments, a report in DW.com quoted Steve Tsang, director of the SOAS China Institute at the University of London as saying that such rhetoric is a warning for both the US and China, as, "By increasing that kind of rhetoric, they are putting themselves in a situation that when Pelosi visits Taiwan, the Chinese military may have to take some actions which will require the Americans to respond, and that puts it on an escalatory path that nobody wants. It's not in anyone's interests."

Tsang added that Pelosi should not have planned for this visit to begin with because it doesn't really add that much to Taiwan or US-Taiwan relations.

According to Tsang, "But now that she has said that she was going to go or indicate that she would go and the Chinese government has come out blackmailing the United States, it becomes very difficult for the United States government to back off under Chinese pressure, because doing so will create a moral hazard. So she may well end up having to go."

As per a report in Politico, if Pelosi does indeed try to land in Taipei, there are chances that her aircraft could be shot down by China’s People’s Liberation Army’s (PLA) air force jets.

As per a report in News18, Chinese state media commentator and Global Times editor Hu Xijin in an editorial stated that if US fighter jets escort Pelosi into Taiwan, it is an invasion and the Chinese military has the right to dispel Pelosi's plane and the US fighter jets, including warning shots, and if ineffective, shoot them down. The tweet, however, was later removed due to violation of Twitter rules.

With inputs from agencies

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Anand Mahindra shares a powerful image for Sunday reflection

Anand Mahindra shared an Italian sculptor’s exhibition of ice blocks on Twitter. The exhibition is named “Life is short, enjoy it before it melts".

The exhibition is of ice blocks which look like human beings sitting on a staircase. As the time passes by, they melt.

Anand Mahindra shared the exhibition with the caption ‘Powerful image. Perfect for Sunday reflection. Make the most of your time on the planet… it’s only a short trip..’

People on the micro blogging site had different reactions to the image. One person said that the image would have been a great climate change protest.

Another user said that it was thought provoking

One user wrote, “This seriously means...don't care about anything or anyone...just enjoy your life...it's such a careless message!!!"

Another user countered that statement and replied, “He simply means use your time wisely, now as your are free mind you can think however and whatever you won't but that doesn't mean you will judge others, you posted a message without thinking about it is what careless look like."

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Saturday, July 30, 2022

World Ranger Day 2022: From history to significance, here's all you need to know

World Ranger Day is marked every year on 31 July to commemorate rangers who were killed or injured while they were in the line of duty and to celebrate the work that they do to protect the natural treasures and cultural heritage of the planet.

Who is a ranger?

A ranger usually refers to a forest or park ranger who has the responsibility of preserving and protecting parklands and naturally protected areas.

Rangers mostly work with other volunteers and staff members to maintain bridges, stiles, footpaths and gates. They are the backbone of the national park authority and spend most of their time out and about. They are the link between the national park authority and local people or visitors.

History

The first World Ranger Day was celebrated in 2007 on the occasion of the 15th anniversary of the International Ranger Federation (IRF). This organisation was established in 1992.

It was founded when the SCRA (Scottish Countryside Rangers Association), ANPR (US Association of National Park Rangers) and the CMA (Countryside Management Association, the association that represents rangers in Wales and England) got together to sign a joint agreement.

Around the world, rangers are the first one to indulge in a fight to protect our natural heritage. So the day is observed to honour them and to pay tribute to rangers who lost their lives while performing their duty.

Significance

The 'World Ranger Day' assumes significance as it pays tribute to the park or forest rangers who put their lives at risk to protect the forests, natural parks and other natural resources. Many of the forest rangers lose their lives because of wildlife accidents or are killed by poachers or hunters.

Hence, the "Thin Green Line Foundation" was set up by Sean Will so that in case of deaths, their families can be protected with an insurance cover through this foundation. The day thus recognises their contribution and sacrifice in serving the nature.

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Pakistan's General Bajwa talks to US CENTCOM Commander amid debt crisis

Islamabad: Pakistan's Army chief General Qamar Javed Bajwa held telephonic talks with the Commander of United States Central Command (US CENTCOM) General Michael Erik Kurilla on Saturday.

"Pakistan values its relations with the US and earnestly looks forward to enhance mutually beneficial multi-domain relations," said General Bajwa.

During the call, General Bajwa and General Kurilla, discussed matters of mutual interests, regional stability as well as defence and security cooperation in detail, according to a statement by the Pakistan Army.

The Pakistan Army chief said that his country was looking forward to deepening ties with the US. "Pakistan values its relations with the US and we earnestly look forward to enhance mutually beneficial multi-domain relations based on common interests," said General Bajwa.

The two army officials reiterated the desire to further enhance bilateral relations in all fields.

"The commander US CENTCOM acknowledged the professionalism of Pakistan Armed Forces and appreciated Pakistan's role in regional stability and pledged to play his role for further improvement in cooperation with Pakistan at all levels," Pakistan Army said.

Earlier this week, General Bajwa spoke over phone with the US Deputy Secretary of State Wendy Sherman and appealed to the White House and the US Treasury Department to push the IMF to immediately expedite the nearly USD 1.2 billion loan, state-run news agency Associated Press of Pakistan (APP) reported, quoting sources in Pakistan Army.

However, the Foreign Office feigned ignorance if the two leaders talked about economy even as it confirmed that Bajwa and Sherman had a telephonic conversation.

The International Monetary Fund has already granted Pakistan staff-level approval for the USD 1.17 loan in question on 13 July, as the cash-strapped country faces the ignominy of a possible debt default due to its depleting foreign exchange reserves.

The Army chief's appeal comes in the wake of separate meetings between senior civilian Pakistani and American officials in July, none of which managed to negotiate an early disbursement of funds.

With inputs from agencies

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Rental advertisement with ‘no poets’ condition leaves internet amused; check it out

Which one of us hasn't faced trouble while looking for a place to rent? Many homes list out specific conditions you need to follow if you want to live there. However, one recent advertisement may take the cake.

A rental advertisement for an apartment has been making waves on social media for quite some time now, all thanks to an odd condition appended to it.  In the advertisement, the owner has clearly mentioned that the apartment will not be rented out to poets. Yes, you read that right- “No poets,” stated the ad for the one-bedroom apartment.

It is still unclear where the property is located, if the writer made a typing error or if the landlord really does not like poets. But whatever may be the cause, this advertisement has given social media users enough reason to roll about in laughter.

“Unfurnished Apartments for rent. One bedroom apartment. All utilities included. No poets. No smoking. Available. July 1. 802-747-9094,” reads the simple and brief ad. The tweet was shared by a user named Dori Jean, who posted the image along with the caption - “What the heck” and a laughing-out-loud emoticon. Check the tweet here:

Since being posted on 28 July, the tweet has gathered more than 2,000 likes and over 270 retweets. The post has also received numerous comments. Some Twitter users thought it to be an oddly specific condition, while others were convinced that it is a typographical error and the original word was “No pets”.

One user said, “I assume it’s supposed to say no pets? But funnier this way.” Another said, “Tenants often complain about Beat poets who howl a lot”. A third joked over it saying, “They are much more verse than other tenants.”

What are your thoughts about this hilarious advert?

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Watch: This clip about one day in life of panda caretaker will leave you in splits

Many of us love to watch videos of pandas on social media. These gentle giants have often left internet users amused with their behaviour. But have you ever wondered what the caretakers of these cute and cuddly animals experience? Well, this clip doing the rounds on the internet may give you some clues.

A video that shows some pandas playfully tussling with their caretaker has left internet users in splits. Shared by @Andrew_elmowaf on 28 July, the hilarious clip has already received over 1.4 million views.

The 44-second video shows a panda holding on to its caretaker while he moves around. The animal then tries to climb on to the keeper’s back. The footage then cuts to four pandas following the caretaker around and tussling with him. The animals seem determined to stop the man from doing his work. The video was shared with the caption, “A day in the life of a panda caretaker”.

Watch:

The video has left viewers laughing out loud. Many humourously asked how pandas have managed to survive for this long.

Others said they wanted the caretaker’s job.

Some people wrote that the zoo authorities could have sent in another caretaker as a distraction.

A few users even compared pandas to toddlers.

This is not the only video with pandas that has left users asking if they can apply for a job to take care of these adorable animals. People have always been left grinning at the clumsy, playful and lazy behaviour of these creatures. Some weeks ago, the video of a ‘panda cuddler’ had gone viral. The short clip featured a group of people sitting with a panda on each of their laps and cuddling the bear to sleep. Viewers were left with a smile on their face, with many of them claiming this was the best job ever.

Watch:  

What are your thoughts about the clip?

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Namit Malhotra: Translating dream language to reality, one Oscar at a time

Daydreaming, thoughts transcend into an alternate reality — a verdant green foliage where mitochondria air feelings, birds caw anger and streams form thought clouds about the impending disaster on earthlings — and yes, the soil weeps. Climate change in one’s imagination. Now, enter DNEG CEO and head honcho Namit Malhotra and his creative team’s mind, and that seemingly lame vision transforms into a stark, otherworldly vision, perfectly in tune with a mind-boggling vista that Malhotra and DNEG live and breathe – VFX. It enters our lives with a visual great Gatsby-ish mind-altering gravity-defying vision that is seven Oscars worthy! Winning the seventh for Dune's visual special effects (2022), the other six Oscars were for Inception, Interstellar, Bladerunner, Ex Machina, Tenet and First Man — DNEG’s tally now seven Oscars in eight years. Credible, right? Bafta awards, Emmy’s and VES Awards too, this feat for an Indian company and its founder-CEO Namit Malhotra is proof of their state-of-the-art VFX-ology.

DNEG CEO Namit Malhotra

An expansive wave heightens Interstellar as a city bends in Inception — what Malhotra and DNEG have created breaks the glass ceiling, with a real-life resonance which Namit calls “seamless storytelling.”

Oscar number 7, Namit laughs, “has gotten most validation. The joke is that it has taken me six Oscars to gain visibility finally,” he laughs. DNEG, a visual effects, animation and stereo conversion leader is avant garde.

Namit distinguishes the world of visual effects into a “before, and after Dune.” A stellar paradigm. “Traditionally, visual effects are about a sequence or scene, with a ‘wow, how did they do that?’— Jurassic Park or Matrix have pretty first-off VFX. That versus Dune, the integration is seamless — you are not looking at a wow sequence. Instead, you are taken in by the storytelling — that is why Dune is the beginning of another era — of not making wow moments in films but creating seamless storytelling,” where the movie itself is a “wow moment.”

Still from the 2021 movie Dune. Facebook/dune

For the rebellious 18-year-old, it’s been a giant leap, admittedly, years in the making — a course in computer graphics saw Namit start an editing studio, Video Workshop. The ordinary home garage has transformed into DNEG, and today it stands shoulder to shoulder with the best. While it’s not something Namit dwells on, the legacy paved by his father, Naresh Malhotra, a producer, and grandfather MN Malhotra, a cinematographer (who worked on India’s first colour film in 1953), sowed the seeds for his prodigious bent.

Image courtesy: Facebook/ dnegvfx

Making scenes swirl into a whirlpool of incisive graphics Namit first forayed into media with TV shows, till he merged with his father’s Video Works – to start Prime Focus (now Prime Focus World). A move to LA during recession saw him battle hard, till he moved to London, started Double Negative in 1998, and rebranded it as DNEG in 2014 after merging with Prime Focus.

Today, collaborating with greats like Christopher Nolan and Denis Villeneuve, DNEG has put India’s name on the world map – they began with stereo conversions for Clash of the Titans (2009), Harry Potter, etc to matching a director’s idea with instinctive depth.

Entering the echelons of top notch VFX, the 8,000-strong DNEG family in 16 cities, four continents is currently busy ideating on 100 projects. Dune was its second collab with Denis (Blade Runner earlier). “There was a history working with his style and mindset. His direction across all departments is stellar (he won 10 Oscars, including best picture for Dune). He induces excitement and consistency of vision — it fits together like a hand in glove — not many film-makers can pull that out of a hat,” Namit avers.

This image released by Warner Bros Pictures shows director Denis Villeneuve, left, and actor Javier Bardem on the set of Dune. AP

Still absorbing the zenith that Dune has reached, he says, “I never thought that we would create such a pinnacle. I am awed by the outcome.”

Making Dune was complex, “Dealing with sand, filming a sandstorm — it was impossible to shoot and create those environments. It is a masterful outcome that Dune upped to a high standard,” adds Malhotra.

Collabs are Malhotra’s swan song — Gratified about working with Nolan and Dennis, Namit feels, “They are masters. With Nolan, who we have been working with since Batman Begins — it is one of the most exciting collaborations. Nolan helped the company create some of the greatest visual storytelling experiences. We, as a company, look up to him. He is also my favourite director. I’ve met him a few times — and expressed my fan boy stance. His ability to put different worlds, visuals and sounds together is absolutely masterful – unique talent.”

On the tryst with Denis, “Deni is an artist, a master with an artistic vision that is second to none.” The dynamics of two film-makers who are constantly pushing boundaries excites Namit, “We are all aligned on the core fabric to do something not done before. Fortunately, the results show on screen, and that builds confidence,” says Namit.

When COVID-19 struck, James Bond, Dune, Tenet, Fast and Furious were in the works. The upstart and doyen of VFX, has grown to a cult status as he has embellished his craft, creating superb VFX-ology. “India is the best, we just have to prove ourselves,” he stresses disparaging the need to be at par. From VFX, his craft has turned towards producing now, with Bhramastra, “My creative perspective is more relevant here. In producing, we have a bigger role to play,” adds Namit, of the yet-to-be released film. With it, Namit wants to bring in world-class high-quality visual effects to India with a look and feel arising from its own ethos, mythology and culture with Hollywood definition. Garfield with Alcon Entertainment is on the anvil. Ramayana too.

An incomparable work ethic, he is bullish with a single-minded focus that is second nature. Travelling across the world, at the crux of creative highs, the self-confessed workaholic’s ability to not take no for an answer sees his teams bearing the brunt of the “not possible” which Namit challenges vigorously. Ideas bombard his mind, even on holidays, and if in the midst, an Oscar lands in his lap, well, that’s sweet.

Has success changed him? The fervour and zeal remains. “One of my favourite lines is from a Pearl Jam song, I CHANGE BY NOT CHANGING AT ALL,” he mulls.

“My grandfather and my father were huge influences, they created a foundation. What they had more than money and acclaim was that they were highly respected with a lot of goodwill — The responsibility is to carry forward their legacy,” explains the highly competitive VFX whiz whose “childlike enthusiasm about the new and different drives makes him easily bored, “All the Oscars we have won, India has played a role in it. I want to ensure that India’s brand never vanishes — that is my passport.”

“It’s not about being clever — it’s straight forward, evolutionary and aspirational. When we were doing well in India, and built Prime Focus, it was successful, it was akin to winning the Ranji trophy, so now it’s vying for the world cup. Today, we’ve got this capability, and technology and all these Oscars, now let’s do something for ourselves — the ideas are driving the next logical step — I joke that I could have made 30 movies. Yet, I was conscious that I want to create an opportunity that allowed us to be game changers,” he adds. Say, “it can’t be done,” and it invigorates Namit to go against the tide of predictability — this is his ”secret sauce.”

While art imitates life, DNEG VFX’ created life too — the first off rendition of a worm hole. “It is art — we use research to drive formulation, a lot of physics is involved working with scientific experts running simulations to bring futuristic ideas to life. If it is too over the top, which visual effects can often be blamed for, then it takes you out of the story as you cannot connect. That is a major component of what we do. The Oscars prove how DNEG can adapt to the core ask of the film-maker,” he explains.

The London-based VFX maverick is wiser and a “better version of himself “now. He and his wife Ami were childhood sweethearts. “We were friends since third grade, so it is a high school romance,” he chuckles warmly.

Ami, an eye surgeon and his three sons — Ayrton Malhotra, 15 (named in memory of Brazilian Formula One driver Ayrton Senna), and twins Raghav and Raghveer complete the VFX whiz’ universe.

As a father, he’d like them to enjoy before professional responsibilities crash in. “People barely get one Oscar in their lives, each win and victory is a huge positive celebration, so there is immense gratitude and contentment as there are so many people and so much hard work by the teams, experts, and everyone. The validation is an appreciation of all the years of toil and effort,” as Namit “keeps swimming against the tide.”

Racing and sports cars are his other love — a Porche and a Ferrari which now sit idle, he drives a Tesla now and cycles to work. “As I have gotten older, I’m revisiting my childhood — tennis and riding a bicycle. I want to show my sons that just because you are older, and have made money that does not mean you become unhealthy,” says the VFX whiz.

A fitter Namit was a tubby teen “There is method to my madness. When friends were into fitness, I was working like a lunatic to build my company, and becoming fatter. I was young and didn’t think being thin or fat was going to make a big difference. Now, I feel more responsible to lead by example,” says the guy who has fallen, been bruised, gotten right back up — a quality he calls, “obstinate optimism,” Nothing dissuades him. “The excitement of future challenges — I’ve never fired a person for a mistake, as I make mistakes — I have made certain bad decisions and saw how it damaged my life. I had to fight to get out of it. That only happens when you accept your actions and faults and fix it, as long as you do that how can you not win?” Those gilded Oscars are testament to his spirit… but Namit is already bounding ahead, with a profusion of ideas … just in case the Oscar-winning VFX’ don’t leave you in awe.

In a box

Namit Malhotra on the seven Oscar

Inception 2011

Based on the concept of a dream within a dream — Namit says, “For us to be able to translate the vision of the film-maker into something real makes it unique – it’s very authentic. I still think it’s some of the best work we’ve ever done - absolutely beautiful.”

Still from Inception (2010). Image courtesy: Warner Bros

Interstellar 2015

Working with Christopher Nolan again, they explored the worm hole and the black hole, “with no real reference.” Astro physicist Kip Thorne stepped in - the team took his formulae and turned them into imaging data - created this rendition of a worm hole which was published in scientific papers for the first time – art was showing science the way. It was a great icing on the cake,” says Namit.

Still from Interstellar (2014). Image courtesy: Facebook/InterstellarMovie

Ex Machina 2016

Big block busters are Namit and DNEG’s daily bread. Ex Machina, au contraire was made on the smallest budget. “It was the perfect example of the underdog. With august ideas and quality of execution that speak of the DNEG’s DNA, we were able to leverage the film-maker’s vision and translate it into specific outcomes.”

Alicia Vikander as Ava in “Ex Machina,” directed by Alex Garland. Imdb

Making a human robot human was tricky and he feels it was “one of the best examples of a human and a robot. It was just so bespoke. It made a significant difference to me.”

Blade Runner 2049 2018

With Denis Villeneuve again, telling a story of the first Ridley Scott successful franchise, the balance — the element of fantasy and imagination was apt.

Still from Denis Villeneuve’s Blade Runner 2049. Image courtesy: warnerbros.com

First Man 2019

Firstman – about the first man on the moon saw the team explore gravity, physics and the surface of the moon. To integrate that into story telling was critical, “the execution was done exceedingly well.”

Still from Director Damien Chazelle’s First Man (2018) . Image courtesy: Universal Studios/ Daniel McFadden

Tenet 2021

Time travel and Nolan are fast friends. “He geniusely illustrates this interplay on physical reality - he loves real sequences, which visual effects accentuate. Infact, he did get a full 747 and crashed it into a building – The authenticity of his vision makes it critical to communicate a believable concept. We create unseen, unheard scenes and they are remarkable.”

Still from Christopher Nolan’s Tenet (2020). warnerbros.com

The author is a senior journalist. Views expressed are personal.

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World Breastfeeding Week 2022: Theme, significance and everything you need to know

World Breastfeeding Week or WBW is celebrated from 1 to 7 August every year. The week aims to spread awareness about the importance of breastfeeding and its need in the lives of babies and mothers. World Breastfeeding Week is a global campaign, which aims to galvanise actions on themes surrounding breastfeeding.

Coordinated by World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action (WABA), World Breastfeeding Week is marked in more than 120 countries.

Breastfeeding a baby is an overwhelming and emotional experience for new mothers. The act of breastfeeding holds equal importance in the lives of mothers and infants. Not only does it help in the all-around development of the newborn baby, but it also helps new mothers to connect with their babies.

World Health Organisation (WHO) and United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) have recommended that an infant must be breastfed within an hour of birth and should at least be continued for six months. However, the agencies have often added that infants must be breastfed for at least two years for their complete development.

World Breastfeeding Week History

World Breastfeeding Week's history dates back to the early 1990s when WHO and UNICEF introduced a memorandum to support and promote the act of breastfeeding. It was first marked in 1992 when a whole week was dedicated to promoting the campaign. As many as 70 countries initiated this campaign in the beginning.

World Breastfeeding Week Significance

World Breastfeeding Week is celebrated to highlight the importance of breastfeeding and the crucial role it plays in the life of newborn babies and new mothers. While breastfeeding can prevent babies from infections and lower the risk of later health issues, it helps mothers' uterus to contract, which then helps in stopping bleeding quickly. It is also said that breastfeeding helps in lowering the risk of breast and ovarian cancers in new mothers.

World Breastfeeding Week Theme

This year's theme for the World Breastfeeding Week is 'Step Up For Breastfeeding: Educate and Support'.

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Friday, July 29, 2022

International Friendship Day 2022: Here's how you can wish your besties

International Friendship Day is marked annually on 30 July. Friends are an integral part of our life and there can’t be a single day spent without them. The day is celebrated to promote the idea of meeting new people and making friends while taking a step towards bridging the gap and also finding unity and love within diversity.

The day may be celebrated in different ways but the basic idea behind the celebration remains the same. It is a time that you recognise your friends' contribution to your life, express your love and pay a tribute to them.

Here are some of the wishes, quotes and messages that you can share with your beloved friends and bring a smile on their face to make them realise their importance in your life-

  1. You are a blessing of my life. I’m grateful to God that we became friends. Happy Friendship Day!
  2. I find myself extremely lucky to have a friend like you who is much more than a friend to me, who is my life. Warm wishes on Friendship Day.
  3. Our friendship will stay as long as stars twinkle in the sky, till the water runs dry & till the day I die. Happy International Friendship Day!
  4. Happy International Friendship Day 2022! You were always there whenever I needed guidance, support, and someone to watch my back. Thank you for everything!
  5. You have been everything that a true friend can ever be. You are one of the most precious gifts of God and I wish that we remain best friends for life. Wishing you a very happy International Friendship Day!
  6. Friendships are priceless. Don’t let your real friends who protect you, nurture you, care for you and love you unconditionally go away. Wishing all of them a peaceful and joyous life. Happy Friendship Day!
  7. I am blessed to have a friend, who walks beside me, supports me and is ready to hold me when I fall. And, I am lucky to have that friend in you. Happy Friendship Day!

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The lost world: Why do people spend millions on dinosaur skeletons?

The skeleton of a Gorgosaurus dinosaur that roamed the earth some 77 million years ago recently went under the hammer and was sold for a whopping $6.1 million at an auction in New York.

The 3 metre tall and 22 feet long specimen was expected to fetch between $5mn-$8mn.

“The result places the Gorgosaurus among the most valuable dinosaurs ever sold at auction, and establishes a new benchmark for a Gorgosaurus skeleton,” Sotheby’s said in a statement.

The sale marked the first time that Sotheby’s had auctioned a full dinosaur skeleton since it sold Sue the T-Rex in 1997 for $8.36mn.

“Today’s Gorgosaurus came to auction without a name, providing the buyer the exclusive opportunity to name the dinosaur,” Sotheby’s said.

The latest sale of a dinosaur fossil has again raised the question: why do people spend millions to buy these skeletons?

Some expensive dinosaur skeletons that were auctioned

According to CNBC, a fossilised Tyrannosaurus rex was sold at auction for $31.85 million in 2020, becoming the most expensive dinosaur fossil ever sold. It was one of only about 50 T. rex fossils ever discovered.

Estimated to be about 67-million-year-old, Stan crushed its original sale estimate of $6 million to $8 million.

It is one of the most famous T. rex fossils because of its good condition, with 188 bones, its head in pristine condition and over 11-inch long teeth, CNBC reported. Before being auctioned, it was on display at the Black Hills Institute of Geological Research in Hill City, South Dakota.

Previously, the last complete T. rex to be auctioned was in 1997, when a specimen nicknamed Sue was sold by Sotheby’s for $8.36 million. It was sold to the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago.

In 2020, soon after the auction of Stan the T. rex, the Parisian auction house Binoche et Giquello sold a rare skeleton of a 10-metre-long Allosaurus — a large carnivorous dinosaur that lived in the late Jurassic period, 155 million to 145 million years ago — for about $3 million.

According to Quartz, a 70 per cent intact 150 million-year-old fossil of a 9 metre long dinosaur was sold to a private collector for $2.36 million in June, 2018.

Why do people buy dino skeletons?

Just like any rare item in the world, dinosaurs are coveted by collectors for their antiquity and rarity. Rarer a skeleton, higher will be its price.

According to Daily Mail, which cites Eric Mickeler, a natural history expert for the Aguttes auction house, Paris, carnivores like the allosaurus often fetch more than herbivores as "people like the teeth.”

The price also goes up if the skeleton shows traces of a fight or an incurable illness, as well as if it is considered rare, has a high percentage of verified bones, or a particularly impressive skull.

Iacopo Briano of the auction house putting up dinosaur skeletons on sale told AFP, “The fossil market is no longer just for scientists. Dinosaurs have become cool, trendy -- real objects of decoration, like paintings."

According to The Indian Express, Hollywood actors, including Nicolas Cage, Russell Crowe and Leonardo DiCaprio, are known to buy dinosaur fossils. There is also a broad collector base in countries such as China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia and the Philippines.

Is it legal?

According to a report by Quartz, in most cases, these sales are completely legal and impossible to stop.

While countries like China, Canada, Mongolia and Argentina have laws banning the export of fossils entirely, fossils found on private land in the US can be bought and sold since it is considered private property.

Fossils that are found on federal land in the US are public property and can only be collected by researchers with permits. These fossils go to public trusts and repositories, including museums.

With inputs from agencies

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Cold showers, dark monuments, fountains turned off: How Germany is conserving energy amid Russian gas crisis

As the Russian gas crisis deepens, Germany cities have decided to cut down their energy consumption by switching off spotlights on public monuments, turning off fountains and running cold showers in public swimming pools.

Countries across Europe are looking at ways to cut down on their energy consumption as supplies from Russia have simmered down, according to a Reuters report.

However, being the country that is most heavily dependent on Russian gas, Germany is leading the way to launch a nationwide campaign to save energy so that it can sustain itself through the winter.

Around 200 buildings and landmarks including Berlin’s red-bricked city house, State Opera House and Chalottenburg Palace will be not be lit at night, according to a France 24 report.

Berlin’s chief official for the environment, Bettina Jarasch said “Given the war against Ukraine and the energy policy threats by Russia, it's important that we be as careful as possible with our energy.”

Germany’s president Frank-Walter Steinmeier said that he wants to set an example by keeping the lights off at his official residence, Bellevue Palace.

Let’s take a closer look at what exactly is happening in Germany.

Why is Germany saving energy?

On Monday, the Russian energy giant Gazprom announced that it will restrict the flow of gas supply to Germany. The company said it will slash supplies via the Nord Stream pipeline by 33 million cubic metres a day. This comes after the company resumed its services last week after 10 days of maintenance work.

Gazprom said that operations are halted due to “technical condition of the engine.” However, the German Economy Ministry refuted this explanation, saying that there is “no technical reason for a reduction of deliveries,” according to an Al Jazeera report.

Also Read: Russia's key pipeline restarts pumping gas to Germany: The significance of Nord Stream 1

Germany’s energy regulator, Klaus Mueller said that gas flow has dropped from 40 per cent to 20 per cent.

Chancellor Olaf Scholz has for weeks called for a nationwide effort to conserve energy as the country battles with soaring prices ever since Russia invaded Ukraine.

In an effort to save energy companies from going bankrupt, the German government announced that a gas surcharge that is levied on customers could get much higher than it already is, according to The Guardian.

In addition to this, German officials have also warned that Russia can completely cut off supplies this winter in retaliation to Western sanctions that were imposed on the country for invading Ukraine.

What is Germany’s energy emergency plan?

Germany’s Economy Ministry has devised a three-tier emergency gas plan to reduce energy consumption.

According to Reuters, half of Germany’s household depends on gas for heating and around 13 per cent of the country’s electricity is derived from fossil fuel.

Germany imports most of its gas from Russia. The imported gas is used to heat homes and power its industries.

The emergency gas plan has three phases — the early warning phase, the alarm phase and the emergency phase. Last month, Germany initiated the second phase after Russia reduced supplies via Nord Stream 1 pipeline.

Also Read: How EU plans to reduce gas use by 15% amid threat of Russia cutting off supply

How is the country saving its energy?

Over the week, Germany has ramped up efforts to conserve energy. The city of Munich announced that the spotlights on its town hall will be switched off. Municipal offices in the city will only have cold water and fountains will also be turned off at night.

Among other energy efforts, the country is also planning to reduce the usage of air conditioning and will encourage people to use public transport.

According to France 24, an electrical firm in Germany will shut off 100-120 lights per day.

The city of Augsburg has reduced temperatures in public pools. Officials are also looking at ways to shut down some of the city's traffic lights.

According to a Reuters report, the Economy Ministry has launched a campaign urging its citizens to take shorter showers, increase their refrigerator’s temperature by one degree and keep their homes well insulated.

With inputs from agencies

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Monkeypox is a global health emergency but there’s no need to panic. Here’s why

Countries that are members of the United Nations are obligated to report cases of unusual diseases that have the potential to become global health threats. In May 2022, more than a dozen countries in Europe, the Americas and other regions of the world that had never before had cases of monkeypox started to report cases occurring within their borders.

In response, the director-general of the World Health Organization, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, convened a monkeypox emergency committee to track the evolving situation. At the committee’s first meeting on June 23, 2022, the members observed that the “multi-country outbreak” might be stabilising as case counts had plateaued in several countries.

However, after thousands more cases of monkeypox were diagnosed in dozens of countries in July, it became clear that the outbreak had not stagnated. On July 23, 2022, Tedros declared monkeypox a public health emergency of international concern.

As a global health expert who specialises in infectious disease epidemiology, I do not think that most people need to be worried about monkeypox. This decision by the WHO, though it may sound ominous, is not a sign of bad things to come. Rather, it is a way to prevent monkeypox from becoming a global crisis.

What is a Public Health Emergency of Concern?

The International Health Regulations are a set of rules that guide how the WHO and United Nations member states respond to emerging health threats.

Under the current regulations, a “public health emergency of international concern” – often abbreviated as a PHEIC – can be declared by the WHO director-general when three criteria are met: the situation is an “extraordinary event,” there is a risk of spread to other countries, and the situation might “potentially require a coordinated international response.”

Before monkeypox, only five diseases had been designated as PHEICs since the WHO started using the term in 2005: the H1N1 influenza pandemic in 2009; polio resurgences in Afghanistan, Nigeria and Pakistan in 2014; the Ebola epidemic in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone in 2014 and an Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo 2019; the spread of Zika virus in the Americas in 2016; and the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. While all of these events were noteworthy, only the coronavirus pandemic became a worldwide catastrophe.

Why is monkeypox a public health emergency of international concern?

The director-general of the WHO is the only person who can declare a PHEIC, but the decision is based on advice from the designated emergency committee. After the monkeypox emergency committee met for the second time, on July 21, 2022, it released a report stating that “the multi-country outbreak of monkeypox meets all the three criteria defining a PHEIC.”

The rapid spread of the virus to more than 70 countries was evidence of the risk of further international spread. The committee expressed concerns about whether vaccines would be priced reasonably and distributed equitably in the absence of a coordinated international response. And it agreed that there were aspects of the situation that were “extraordinary” – a vague term that is not defined in the International Health Regulations.

However, the committee did not express unanimous agreement that a public health emergency of international concern should be declared. Some members questioned whether a disease that has a low case fatality rate should be a PHEIC. Others worried that a PHEIC designation could further stigmatize LGBTQ communities since most cases thus far have been diagnosed among men who have sex with men.

The vote from the emergency committee was split – nine against and six for PHEIC status. But Director-General Tedros opted to go ahead and declare monkeypox a PHEIC.

What happens now?

The goal of a PHEIC designation is to prevent an emerging disease from becoming a global health crisis. The WHO has two initial goals for monkeypox. First, to try to stop the virus from beginning to circulate in susceptible populations where it is not currently present. And second, to distribute vaccines and antiviral medications to the countries and communities that need them most.

After the PHEIC declaration, the WHO released a set of temporary recommendations that asks countries to work harder on preventing cases in affected and at-risk communities, to improve clinical care for people with monkeypox and contribute to research on vaccines and treatments for monkeypox. The recommendations also ask countries to advise infected individuals and their direct contacts not to travel except in urgent situations, but they do not impose any restrictions on international travel or trade.

Finally, the WHO has advised that individuals who are members of at-risk communities take steps to protect themselves from the virus, but has not called for changed behavior in the general public.

A public health emergency of international concern is the highest level of alert in the International Health Regulations, but it is not a synonym for a pandemic. The status is a tool for protecting global population health and not a declaration that a global crisis is already happening.The Conversation

Kathryn H. Jacobsen, William E. Cooper Distinguished University Chair, Professor of Health Studies, University of Richmond

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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Islamic New Year 2022: Date, history, significance and all you need to know

The Islamic New Year marks the start of the month of Muharram. Also called the Hijri New Year, the celebrations will begin from the evening of 29 July and continue till the evening of 30 July, according to nationaltoday.com.

The New Year begins at sunset every year. The date of the Islamic New Year changes annually as the Islamic lunar calendar is 11 days shorter than the Gregorian calendar.

Muharram is the first month of the Islamic calendar and is also considered to be the second holiest month after Ramadan. Muharram starts after the month of Dhul al-Hijjah, which is the time when Muslims go for Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina.)

History and significance:

The Islamic New Year marks the migration of Prophet Mohammad and his followers in 622 CE from Mecca to Medina to escape persecution. The Prophet returned to Mecca in 629 CE after the conquest of the city. The new year will be known as 1444AH (Anno Hegirae or the year of the Hijra) which signifies that it has been 1,444 years since the Prophet’s migration to Medina.

Muharram is seen as a time for reflection and penance. The Islamic New Year provides followers with an opportunity to be hopeful about their future and reflect on the good and bad they have done in their lives.

The first ten days of Muharram are considered to be a sacred time of remembrance for Muslims as the death anniversary of the Prophet’s grandson Hussein is marked during the period. Hussein died at the Battle of Karbala on the 10th day of Muharram. Also known as Ashura, the day is mourned by Shia Muslims around the world.

Celebrations:

No big celebrations are held on this significant day. Countries like Saudi Arabia or the United Arab Emirates announce a public holiday on the occasion.

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World Bank has no new financing plans for crisis-hit Sri Lanka; deep structural reforms needed

The World Bank has no plan to offer new financing to Sri Lanka until an adequate macroeconomic policy framework is in place in the island country, which is facing its worst crisis.

The international financial institution in a statement said deep structural reforms are needed.

Reforms must focus on economic stabilization, and also on addressing the root structural causes that created this crisis to ensure that Sri Lanka's future recovery and development is resilient and inclusive.

According to Reuters, the World Bank said that Sri Lanka needed to adopt structural reforms that focus on economic stabilisation and tackle the root causes of its crisis, which has starved it of foreign exchange and led to shortages of food, fuel and medicines.

"The World Bank Group is deeply concerned about the dire economic situation and its impact on the people of Sri Lanka," it said.

In addition, other ongoing projects continue to support basic services, the delivery of medicine and medical supplies, school meals and tuition waivers.

"We are working closely with implementing agencies to establish robust controls and fiduciary oversight to ensure these resources reach the poorest and most vulnerable. We will continue to monitor this closely," it added.

The bank said it was working closely to establish control and fiduciary oversight to ensure fair distribution.

For the record, Sri Lanka has experienced an escalating economic crisis and the government has defaulted on its foreign loans. The United Nations warned that 5.7 million people "require immediate humanitarian assistance."

With many Sri Lankans experiencing extreme shortages of essentials including food and fuel, peaceful protests began in March. The protests led then-Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa to resign on 9 May, and his brother, President Gotabaya Rajapaksa, to flee the country on 13 July and resign the following day.

Ranil Wickremesinghe became acting President and parliament elected him as the new president on 20 July with the support of the Rajapaksas' political party, the Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna.

With inputs from agencies

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Thursday, July 28, 2022

International Tiger Day: Some interesting facts about the apex predator

Tigers are one of the most elegant wildlife species to exist on the planet. These apex predators are noted for their agility, power and strength. The striped wild cat is, however, declining in population due to loss of habitat, illegal wildlife trade, increasing animal-human conflict and more.

International Tiger Day is celebrated to draw attention to the magnificent species and how they are threatened with extinction. Marked on 29 July annually, the day aims to highlight the need for conservation of tigers and how governments, individuals and organisations can help in the endeavour.

On World Tiger Day, here are some interesting facts about the wild cat:

  1. Tigers are the biggest wild cats on the planet.
  2. There are only few subspecies of the wild cat left- Bengal tiger, Amur tiger, Malayan Tiger, Indochinese Tiger and Sumatran Tiger. Three species- Javan, Bali and Caspian tigers- have already gone extinct. The South China Tiger is believed to be functionally extinct by the World Wildlife Fund.
  3. The population of tigers has shrunk over the past century, with only 3,900 of these predators alive in the wild. The species has been classified as 'endangered' because of this.
  4. Currently, there are more tigers in captivity in the United States than the total population of the species in the wild. As per estimates, there are about 5,000 captive tigers in the US.
  5. These predators can travel 6-12 miles in a night for hunting. They can sprint at about 49–65 km/h for short bursts.
  6. According to the World Wildlife Fund, more than 8,000 tigers are being held in tiger “farms” and breeding centres, with roughly three-quarters of the number in China itself. These commercial captive breeding efforts perpetuate the demand for tiger products and are a cover for illegal wildlife trade as well.
  7. A group of tigers is called a streak or an ambush.
  8. These wild cats are extremely protective over their kill. A tiger does not usually feast at the kill site but instead drags its prey into cover before eating it. If it leaves for a while, the tiger will cover the carcass by putting dirt, grass, leaves or even rocks over it.
  9. Tigers cannot purr.
  10. The apex predators primarily hunt deer, but they can also eat wild boars, fish, birds, amphibians, rodents, reptiles, and even insects. A large deer can provide a tiger with food for about a week.

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